In Python, assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They allow you to assign a value to a variable, as well as perform operations and assign the result back to the same variable.
Assignment Operators:
= – The simple assignment operator assigns a value to a variable.
x = 5print(x) # Output: 5
+= – Adds the value on the right to the variable and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 10x += 5 # Equivalent to x = x + 5
print(x) # Output: 15
-= – Subtracts the value on the right from the variable and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 10x -= 3 # Equivalent to x = x - 3
print(x) # Output: 7
*= – Multiplies the variable by the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 5x *= 4 # Equivalent to x = x * 4
print(x) # Output: 20
/= – Divides the variable by the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable (returns a float).
x = 10x /= 2 # Equivalent to x = x / 2
print(x) # Output: 5.0
//= – Performs floor division on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 10x //= 3 # Equivalent to x = x // 3
print(x) # Output: 3
%= – Takes the modulus (remainder) of the variable and the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 10x %= 3 # Equivalent to x = x % 3
print(x) # Output: 1
**= – Performs exponentiation on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 2x **= 3 # Equivalent to x = x ** 3
print(x) # Output: 8
&= – Performs a bitwise AND operation on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 5 # 0101 in binaryx &= 3 # 0011 in binary
print(x) # Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
|= – Performs a bitwise OR operation on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 5 # 0101 in binaryx |= 3 # 0011 in binary
print(x) # Output: 7 (0111 in binary)
^= – Performs a bitwise XOR operation on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 5 # 0101 in binaryx ^= 3 # 0011 in binary
print(x) # Output: 6 (0110 in binary)
<<= – Performs a left shift operation on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 5 # 0101 in binaryx <<= 1 # Left shift by 1
print(x) # Output: 10 (1010 in binary)
>>= – Performs a right shift operation on the variable with the value on the right and assigns the result back to the variable.
x = 5 # 0101 in binaryx >>= 1 # Right shift by 1
print(x) # Output: 2 (0010 in binary)
Examples:
Example 1: Using += and other assignment operators
x = 10
x += 5 # x = x + 5
x -= 2 # x = x - 2
x *= 3 # x = x * 3
x /= 2 # x = x / 2 (result will be a float)
x %= 4 # x = x % 4 (remainder)
x //= 2 # x = x // 2 (floor division)
x **= 2 # x = x ** 2 (exponentiation)
print(x) # Output: 9.0
Example 2: Using bitwise assignment operators
x = 5 # 0101 in binary
y = 3 # 0011 in binary
x &= y # Bitwise AND
print(x) # Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
x |= y # Bitwise OR
print(x) # Output: 3 (0011 in binary)
x ^= y # Bitwise XOR
print(x) # Output: 0 (0000 in binary)
x <<= 2 # Left shift by 2
print(x) # Output: 0 (0000 in binary)
x >>= 1 # Right shift by 1
print(x) # Output: 0 (0000 in binary)
Key Points:
Assignment operators simplify common tasks by combining operations with assignment.
The operators like +=, -=, *=, /=, etc., update the variable with the result of the operation, reducing the need for separate steps.
Bitwise operators (&=, |=, ^=, etc.) are used for manipulating data at the bit level, often used in low-level programming.
Let me know if you need more details or examples! 😊
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