Bank Management System in C++

 Here’s a Bank Management System in C++ using Classes and Inheritance. This program demonstrates how inheritance can be used to manage different types of bank accounts.

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Features of the Program

✅ Base Class (BankAccount) - Holds common account details
✅ Derived Classes (SavingsAccount, CurrentAccount) - Inherit and extend functionalities
✅ Deposits & Withdrawals with balance checks
✅ Interest Calculation for Savings Account
✅ Overdraft Protection for Current Account

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1️⃣ C++ Program for Bank Management System

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base Class: Bank Account
class BankAccount {
protected:
    string accountHolder;
    long accountNumber;
    double balance;

public:
    // Constructor
    BankAccount(string name, long accNum, double initialBalance) {
        accountHolder = name;
        accountNumber = accNum;
        balance = initialBalance;
    }

    // Display Account Details
    void displayAccountDetails() {
        cout << "\nAccount Holder: " << accountHolder << endl;
        cout << "Account Number: " << accountNumber << endl;
        cout << "Current Balance: $" << balance << endl;
    }

    // Deposit Money
    void deposit(double amount) {
        balance += amount;
        cout << "$" << amount << " deposited successfully. New Balance: $" << balance << endl;
    }

    // Virtual Withdraw Function (Overridden in Derived Classes)
    virtual void withdraw(double amount) {
        if (amount > balance) {
            cout << "Insufficient balance!\n";
        } else {
            balance -= amount;
            cout << "$" << amount << " withdrawn successfully. Remaining Balance: $" << balance << endl;
        }
    }
};

// Derived Class: Savings Account
class SavingsAccount : public BankAccount {
private:
    double interestRate;

public:
    SavingsAccount(string name, long accNum, double initialBalance, double rate)
        : BankAccount(name, accNum, initialBalance), interestRate(rate) {}

    // Apply Interest
    void applyInterest() {
        double interest = (balance * interestRate) / 100;
        balance += interest;
        cout << "Interest of $" << interest << " added. New Balance: $" << balance << endl;
    }
};

// Derived Class: Current Account
class CurrentAccount : public BankAccount {
private:
    double overdraftLimit;

public:
    CurrentAccount(string name, long accNum, double initialBalance, double limit)
        : BankAccount(name, accNum, initialBalance), overdraftLimit(limit) {}

    // Override Withdraw to Allow Overdraft
    void withdraw(double amount) override {
        if (amount > (balance + overdraftLimit)) {
            cout << "Overdraft limit exceeded! Cannot withdraw $" << amount << endl;
        } else {
            balance -= amount;
            cout << "$" << amount << " withdrawn successfully. Remaining Balance: $" << balance << endl;
        }
    }
};

// Main Function
int main() {
    // Creating Savings Account
    SavingsAccount savings("Alice Johnson", 1001, 5000.0, 5.0);
    savings.displayAccountDetails();
    savings.deposit(2000);
    savings.applyInterest();
    savings.withdraw(3000);

    cout << "\n-----------------------------\n";

    // Creating Current Account
    CurrentAccount current("Bob Smith", 2002, 3000.0, 1000.0);
    current.displayAccountDetails();
    current.deposit(1500);
    current.withdraw(4000);
    current.withdraw(2000); // Exceeds overdraft limit

    return 0;
}

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2️⃣ Output of the Program

Account Holder: Alice Johnson
Account Number: 1001
Current Balance: $5000

$2000 deposited successfully. New Balance: $7000
Interest of $350 added. New Balance: $7350
$3000 withdrawn successfully. Remaining Balance: $4350

-----------------------------

Account Holder: Bob Smith
Account Number: 2002
Current Balance: $3000

$1500 deposited successfully. New Balance: $4500
$4000 withdrawn successfully. Remaining Balance: $500
Overdraft limit exceeded! Cannot withdraw $2000

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3️⃣ Explanation of the Code

✅ Class BankAccount (Base Class)

• Stores common details: accountHolder, accountNumber, balance
• Implements deposit() and withdraw() functions
• withdraw() is virtual to allow overriding

✅ Class SavingsAccount (Derived from BankAccount)

• Has an interest rate
• Implements applyInterest() to add interest

✅ Class CurrentAccount (Derived from BankAccount)

• Allows overdraft up to a limit
• Overrides withdraw() to enable overdraft

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4️⃣ Advantages of Using Inheritance

✅ Code Reusability - Common features in BankAccount are inherited by SavingsAccount and CurrentAccount.
✅ Encapsulation - Account details are protected with protected access specifier.
✅ Polymorphism - withdraw() is overridden in CurrentAccount.

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5️⃣ Possible Enhancements

🔹 Add ATM PIN authentication.
🔹 Implement File Handling to save and retrieve account details.
🔹 Add More Account Types like Fixed Deposit or Loan Accounts.

Would you like me to add File Handling or an Interactive Menu System? 🚀