Hierarchical Inheritance in C++

 

Hierarchical Inheritance is a type of inheritance in which multiple child classes inherit from a single parent class.

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Example: Hierarchical Inheritance in C++

📌 In this program:

• A Base class (Animal) is created with a common function.
• Two Derived classes (Dog and Cat) inherit from Animal.
• Both child classes have their own functions along with the inherited function.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base class
class Animal {
public:
    void eat() {
        cout << "This animal eats food." << endl;
    }
};

// Derived class 1
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void bark() {
        cout << "Dog barks: Woof Woof!" << endl;
    }
};

// Derived class 2
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
    void meow() {
        cout << "Cat meows: Meow Meow!" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Dog myDog;
    Cat myCat;

    cout << "Dog's Behavior:" << endl;
    myDog.eat();  // Inherited from Animal
    myDog.bark(); // Dog's own function

    cout << "\nCat's Behavior:" << endl;
    myCat.eat();  // Inherited from Animal
    myCat.meow(); // Cat's own function

    return 0;
}

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📌 Output

Dog's Behavior:
This animal eats food.
Dog barks: Woof Woof!

Cat's Behavior:
This animal eats food.
Cat meows: Meow Meow!

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📝 Explanation

• Animal class: Contains a function eat().
• Dog class: Inherits from Animal and adds bark().
• Cat class: Inherits from Animal and adds meow().
• In main(): Objects of Dog and Cat can access eat() from Animal, and their own functions.

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